The coating forming process is strongly determined by the applied process temperature, probably due to boiling and evaporation processes. The process duration is only 5 min short, compared to traditional hydrothermal processes. The microwave process is done in a closed autoclave system with process temperatures in the range of 80–140 ☌. Afterwards, a microwave-assisted heating process is applied for drying of the silica sol coating and to form elementary silver nanoparticles. The liquid sol recipes are applied by a padding process onto the textiles. As textile substrates, cotton fabrics are used. Silica sols modified with a silver compound are applied onto textile substrates to realize its antibacterial properties. Hence, 3D WKSFs are an inordinate encouraging eco-friendly sorbent substantial for various oil clean-up uses in water treatment.
#Flaked ioff verification
Moreover, the statistical studies proved a significant verification (***P < 0.05) of treated 3D WKSFs at the 0.05 level. Further, the static water test exhibited the highest oil interception efficiency (98.80% and 99.79%) with an initial leakage time of 28 and 30 min while the dynamic water test exhibited the higher interception efficiency (98.75% and 99.67%) under the water flow rates of 150 mL/s, and with the initial leakage time of 14 and 17 min for both oils. The dynamic oil spreading rate exposed that the higher porosity (87.54%) and the higher silica add-on (38.75%) unveiled the higher wicking height (78.4 and 72.6 mm) for vegetable and engine oils.
The results revealed that all the samples have greater absorption and retention capacity, most specifically sample 2 (S2). Surface and physical properties were analyzed through SEM. Characteristics like oil absorption, retention, wetting, wicking, and interception were explored. Therefore, three types of 3D weft-knitted spacer fabrics (WKSFs) were treated with silica aerogels (SAs) by a sol-gel process. Nowadays, industrial discharges, oil spills, and oily water wastages have constituted a dreadful hazard to the world's ecological environment. Hence, these fabrics can be used in industrial usages that need hydrophobic and oleophilic qualities. The statistical study on specific surface area, pore diameter, pore volume, surface roughness, water contact angle, oil contact angle, oil absorption capacity, and oil retention capacity also revealed that treated fabrics performed significantly (P < 0.05) in hydrophobic and oleophilic features at the 0.05 level. The findings verified that the chemical composition and fabric structure played an important role in the tremendous hydrophobic and oleophilic behavior. The outcomes exposed the excellent hydrophobic and oleophilic properties of all treated 3D WKSF sorbents, showing a greater water contact angle of 145.1☐.42°, and an oil absorption and retention capacity of (7.87☐.09 g/g and 7.53☐.06 g/g) and (89.98☐.79% and 92.48☐.56%) for vegetable oil and engine oil, respectively, with notable reusability, most particularly for sorbent 5, due to the higher silica aerogel add-on %, pore diameter, and pore volume. Consequently, this study investigated the wettability, oil absorption capacity, oil retention capacity, and reusability of untreated and treated 3D WKSF sorbents. SEM, FTIR-ATR, surface roughness, surface energy, and BET analysis were used to observe and characterize the surface morphology, molecular interaction, surface changes, surface tension, and specific surface area of fabric samples or sorbents. Silica aerogels were made from tetraethylorthosilicate by the sol-gel method and coated on the 3D weft-knitted spacer fabrics (WKSFs) to compare the interaction of the silica aerogel coating with five various concentrations.
0 kommentar(er)
